Mercury
The Swift Planet
- Moons: 0
- Avg. Temp: -173 to 427°C
- Day Length: ~59 Earth days
- Surface: Rocky, heavily cratered
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest in our solar system. It's a rocky planet with a heavily cratered surface and has no moons. Mercury’s days are longer than its years, and it experiences extreme temperature changes.
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The Hottest Planet
- Moons: 0
- Avg. Temp: 462°C
- Day Length: ~243 Earth days
- Surface: Rocky, volcanic, thick cloud cover
Venus is the second planet from the Sun and is similar in size to Earth. It's covered in thick, toxic clouds and is the hottest planet in our solar system due to its runaway greenhouse effect. Venus rotates in the opposite direction to most planets.
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Earth
Our Blue Planet
- Moons: 1 (The Moon)
- Avg. Temp: -88 to 58°C
- Day Length: 24 hours
- Surface: 71% water, varied landforms
Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only known planet to support life. It has one moon, a protective atmosphere, and a surface covered with water and diverse landforms. Earth's dynamic climate and ecosystems make it unique.
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Mars
The Red Planet
- Moons: 2 (Phobos & Deimos)
- Avg. Temp: -87 to -5°C
- Day Length: 24.6 hours
- Surface: Rocky, red dust, volcanoes
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and is known as the “Red Planet” due to its rusty color. It has two small moons and is home to the tallest volcano and deepest canyon in the solar system. Scientists are exploring Mars as a possible place for future human missions.
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Jupiter
The Giant with a Great Red Spot
- Moons: 95 (including Ganymede)
- Avg. Temp: ~-145°C
- Atmosphere: Hydrogen & helium, no solid surface
- Day Length: ~10 hours
Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in our solar system. It's a gas giant, primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, and is more than twice as massive as all other planets combined. Jupiter has a very thick atmosphere and a famous Great Red Spot, a giant storm bigger than Earth.
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Saturn
The Ringed Beauty
- Moons: 146+ (including Titan)
- Avg. Temp: ~-178°C
- Atmosphere: Hydrogen & helium, no solid surface
- Day Length: ~10.7 hours
Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and is best known for its stunning rings. It's a gas giant, primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, and has a complex atmosphere with strong winds and storms. Saturn has numerous moons, with Titan being the largest and one of the most Earth-like bodies in the solar system.
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Uranus
The Tilted Ice Giant
- Moons: 27 (including Titania)
- Avg. Temp: ~-197°C
- Atmosphere: Hydrogen, helium, and methane
- Day Length: ~17.2 hours
Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun and is unique for its tilted axis, which causes extreme seasons. It's an ice giant, primarily composed of water, ammonia, and methane ices. Uranus has a faint ring system and numerous moons, with Miranda being one of the most geologically diverse.
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Neptune
The Windy Ice Giant
- Moons: 14 (including Triton)
- Avg. Temp: ~-214°C
- Atmosphere: Hydrogen, helium, and methane
- Day Length: ~16 hours
Neptune is the eighth and farthest planet from the Sun. It's an ice giant, primarily composed of water, ammonia, and methane ices. Neptune has a dynamic atmosphere with the fastest winds in the solar system and a faint ring system. Its largest moon, Triton, is geologically active and has geysers that spew nitrogen gas.
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